The Time Cure: Overcoming PTSD with the New Psychology of Time Perspective Therapy by Zimbardo Philip & Sword Richard & Sword Rosemary

Author:Zimbardo, Philip & Sword, Richard & Sword, Rosemary [Zimbardo, Philip]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2012-10-02T00:00:00+00:00

endnotes

1 Epstein, J., & Miller, J. (2005). U.S. wars and post-traumatic stress disorder. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved from http://articles.sfgate.com/2005–06–22/news/17378506_1_ptsd-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-gulf-war-veterans; Gradus, J. L. (2011, December 20). Epidemiology of PTSD. Retrieved from www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/pages/epidemiological-facts-ptsd.asp

2 Daily Mail Reporter. (2011, November 3). One U.S. veteran attempts suicide every 80 minutes: Hidden tragedy of Afghanistan and Iraq wars. Daily Mail. Retrieved from www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2057061/One-U-S-veteran-attempts-suicide-80-minutes-Hidden-tragedy-Afghanistan-Iraq-wars.html#ixzz1h3TKI0Xv%20%20Accessed%20December%2020,%202011; Donnelly, J. (2011, January 24). More troops lost to suicide. Congressional Quarterly. Retrieved from www.congress.org/news/2011/01/24/more_troops_lost_to_suicide. According to Donnelly, “For the second year in a row, the U.S. military has lost more troops to suicide than it has to combat in Iraq and Afghanistan… Overall, the services reported 434 suicides by personnel on active duty, significantly more than the 381 suicides by active-duty personnel reported in 2009. The 2010 total is below the 462 deaths in combat, excluding accidents and illness. In 2009, active-duty suicides exceeded deaths in battle.”

3 Classen, C., Butler, L. D., Koopman, C., Miller, E., DiMiceli, S., Giese-Davis, J., … Spiegel, D. (2001). Supportive-expressive group therapy and distress in patients with metastatic breast cancer: A randomized clinical intervention trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 494–501.

4 DuRant, R. H., Cadenhead, C., Pendergrast, R. A., & Slavens, G. (1994). Factors associated with the use of violence among urban black adolescents. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 612–617; Glover, H. (1984). Themes of mistrust and the posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 38(3), 445–452.

5 Lewis, R., personal communication, 2003–2009.

6 DaSilva, L., Sanson, A., Smart, D., & Toumbourou, J. (2004). Civic responsibility among Australian adolescents: Testing two competing models. Journal of Community Psychology, 32, 229–255.

7 Laffaye, C., Cavella, S., Drescher, K., & Rosen, C. (2008). Relationships among PTSD symptoms, social support, and support source in veterans with chronic PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21, 394–401.

8 DaSilva et al., Civic responsibility among Australian adolescents.

9 Spiegel, A. (2010, December 4). Study: Female vets especially vulnerable to suicide. Retrieved from www.npr.org/2010/12/04/131797071/study-female-vets-especially-vulnerable-to-suicide

10 McFarland, B. H., Kaplan, M. S., & Huguet, N. (2010). Datapoints: Self-inflicted deaths among women with U.S. military service: A hidden epidemic? Psychiatric Services, 61, 1177.

11 Spiegel, Study.

12 Zimbardo, P. G. (2007). The Lucifer effect: Understanding how good people turn evil. New York: Random House. The Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) was conducted at Stanford University in August 1971 by Philip Zimbardo, with graduate research assistants Craig Haney and Curtis Banks, in the basement of the Psychology Department in Jordan Hall. It has become one of the most cited studies in all social sciences, and even in the arts—there have been several movies made about its theme, as well as a recent museum exhibit at DOX, Contemporary Arts Museum in Prague, Czech Republic. The study is often paired with Stanly Milgram's research on obedience to authority in the 1960s as evidence of situational power over individual behavior.

The SPE, funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research, addressed the issue of situational and systemic power over individual behavior by randomly assigning twenty-four normal, healthy young college students to the roles of either prisoner or guard.

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